PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

non-EV Solar, Wind and other renewable power sources
non-EV batteries and other energy storage stuff
Forum rules
Important!
This forum is for discussion of Non-EV matters.
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

Tejota wrote: Tue, 02 Jul 2019, 04:59 But which one? I think fault board throw error 80 the first, after the others?? Is it correct?
I don't think you can tell much from which machine reports the error. It could be due to:
  • a master that is complaining about the loss of communication with what used to be an active slave, or
  • a new machine (not yet allocated to be a master or a slave) that doesn't get a signal on GPIO21 in 1000 ticks (4 seconds), or
  • a slave that similarly doesn't see the GPIO21 signal in 4 seconds.
There are probably extra conditions around the last two dot points generating a CAN fault error.

In any case, it could be a faulty sender or a faulty receiver; I don't think the firmware can tell.
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
User avatar
Greendrake
Noobie
Posts: 12
Joined: Sun, 09 Jun 2019, 19:55
Location: New Zealand
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by Greendrake »

coulomb wrote: Sun, 09 Jun 2019, 21:02 It's also entirely possible that you can't update anything at all. You may have early versions of the clones that later came with patched firmware 72.70c (lead acid flavour), but could not update firmware because they don't have a bootstrap loader.
The flash tool crashes when I try to push new firmware via COM3 port (this is the port that my USB2COM adapter populates). It waits a few seconds after start and crashes (in contrast, when disconnected from the inverter it simply tells cannot open port). Happens with both 72.70c and 73.00e, on both Windows 7 and XP. Here is the debug info:
Problem signature:
Problem Event Name: APPCRASH
Application Name: ReflashTool_Xseries.exe
Application Version: 1.0.0.1
Application Timestamp: 56173aa5
Fault Module Name: ntdll.dll
Fault Module Version: 6.1.7601.23915
Fault Module Timestamp: 59b94a7d
Exception Code: c0000005
Exception Offset: 0001f94d
OS Version: 6.1.7601.2.1.0.256.48
Locale ID: 5129
Additional Information 1: abcc
Additional Information 2: abcc8f7853b48d9807d6d51eb1fa5df9
Additional Information 3: abcc
Additional Information 4: abcc8f7853b48d9807d6d51eb1fa5df9
What would that mean? That the inverter cannot be flashed? Maybe I could try some sort of low-level command-line tool to push the firmware in it?
paulvk
Senior Member
Posts: 457
Joined: Fri, 23 Oct 2015, 23:45
Real Name: Paul
Location: Sydney

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by paulvk »

Tejota
Have you tried each inverter on its own not connected as parallel ?
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

Greendrake wrote: Sun, 07 Jul 2019, 12:34 The flash tool crashes... What would that mean?
That's a new one on me. All I can think of is something unexpected about your setup: perhaps a very long path to the folder with the ReflashTool, or UTF characters in the path, that sort of thing. I doubt it's had time to actually open the dsp.hex file yet, but I guess it's possible. I suppose you could have a bad sector on your hard drive and/or the hex file became corrupted somehow. It should display as ordinary text, all hexadecimal characters apart from a single colon at the start of every line. Almost every line should have the exact same length. So it might be possible to identify a corrupted hex file, though two being corrupted seems unlikely, unless it's your unzipping tool. I suppose the ReflashTool itself or one of its DLLs could be corrupted. So try again in a different folder perhaps.

Edit : there is no real alternative to running the ReflashTool. There are handshakes and changes of comms speed that proclude the use of any kind of command line tool. I suppose it's possible that the inverter is sending back unexpected responses that is causing the crash, but that seems unlikely.
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
User avatar
Tejota
Noobie
Posts: 24
Joined: Tue, 29 Nov 2016, 12:07
Real Name: MDKTejota
Location: Spain
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by Tejota »

paulvk wrote: Sun, 07 Jul 2019, 15:23 Tejota
Have you tried each inverter on its own not connected as parallel ?
I dont understand what you say.
I have changed parallel boards and can wires. Error 80 goes on. Then, problem is inside inverters. Hardware o Software??
I have noticed that error 80 goes when hot conditions are present (Temp inv about 50ºC).
For 3 days error 80 is gone because I changed Master unit to slave unit and viceversa obviouosly.
I will wait several days in this conditions MS-SL.

Regards.
T-Man
Noobie
Posts: 1
Joined: Tue, 09 Jul 2019, 00:04

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by T-Man »

Hi
Can anyone tell me if firmware 73.00e has parameter "39 Equalization activated immediately" functionality?
The inverter currently has 72.40 on it and I would like to upgrade it.
User avatar
weber
Site Admin
Posts: 2936
Joined: Fri, 23 Jan 2009, 17:27
Real Name: Dave Keenan
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by weber »

T-Man wrote: Tue, 09 Jul 2019, 00:38 Hi
Can anyone tell me if firmware 73.00e has parameter "39 Equalization activated immediately" functionality?
The inverter currently has 72.40 on it and I would like to upgrade it.
No. 73.00e does not have parameter 39. It does not have any of the parameters relating to equalisation, because the factory firmware 73.00 does not have them. As far as I know, there is no firmware for the 4 kW PF 0.8 machines that has equalisation. It is only on the 5 kW PF 1 machines.
One of the fathers of MeXy the electric MX-5, along with Coulomb and Newton (Jeff Owen).
User avatar
Greendrake
Noobie
Posts: 12
Joined: Sun, 09 Jun 2019, 19:55
Location: New Zealand
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by Greendrake »

coulomb wrote: Sun, 07 Jul 2019, 16:07 I suppose it's possible that the inverter is sending back unexpected responses that is causing the crash, but that seems unlikely.
That was probably the case as the inverter had other cables plugged in (parallel comms, USB). So I unplugged all those, rebooted the inverter and tried again. Progress! The flash tool appeared to be ready to start flashing and the inverter made a sound as if it switched a contactor. But then it just got stuck here for ages:

IMG_20190710_230350.jpg
IMG_20190710_230350.jpg (256.44 KiB) Viewed 5531 times
I tried it twice. Thankfully, the inverter was not bricked and after rebooting appears unmodified.

Does that sound like there is no bootstrapper and therefore firmware update is not possible?

Thanks muchly!
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

Greendrake wrote: Wed, 10 Jul 2019, 19:38 Does that sound like there is no bootstrapper and therefore firmware update is not possible?
Sadly, yes it does. You do have a clone with the '¢' instead of 'ϕ' on the sticker with the bar-code, and those clones tend to not have a bootstrap loader, according to my notes. It seems that you can obtain a replacement control board that fixes this issue, but I have no idea how hard it is to get, or who pays what, or if it really fixes the problem.

[ Edit: Removed question about clone status. ]
[ Edit: Removed reference to 72.70c ]
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
paulvk
Senior Member
Posts: 457
Joined: Fri, 23 Oct 2015, 23:45
Real Name: Paul
Location: Sydney

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by paulvk »

New standard coming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl0mBaX ... e=youtu.be

On another note I have now a NiFe battery, hopefully the last battery I will have to buy for this system but may have to get two new inverters so I can get to 1.65v per cell 64 volts is very close for 39 cells so can the 64 volt version be set to bulk at 64 volts ?
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

paulvk wrote: Wed, 31 Jul 2019, 17:57 New standard coming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl0mBaX ... e=youtu.be
Wow! That's a big change to AS5139 for battery standards. PIP systems with their 115 V PV (or higher) will no longer be exempt from LV standards, so they'll need earth leakage detection, battery terminal covers, and so on.
On another note I have now a NiFe battery, hopefully the last battery I will have to buy for this system but may have to get two new inverters so I can get to 1.65v per cell 64 volts is very close for 39 cells so can the 64 volt version be set to bulk at 64 volts ?
Yes, the 64 V models can all set the bulk voltage to 64 V. The nickel iron chemistry has such a wide voltage range (1.0 to 1.65 V), so it becomes awkward to work with.

I note that battery voltages above 60 V becomes DVC B per the new AS5139 standard, which may have implications, although the whole system will be deemed DBC B already if you have more than 1S panels connected.

[ Edit: "terminal covers" → "battery terminal covers"; "PIPs" → "PIP systems" ]
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
johnnyZA
Noobie
Posts: 12
Joined: Thu, 15 Aug 2019, 18:13

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by johnnyZA »

Hi everybody
Another “new” user here, reading together for a few months now.

I’m curious whether anybody tried the firmware with the kettle compensation on the PIP-5048MSE yet. I have the Axpert VM5000-48 (note not the VM II model) currently on firmware 20.13.

Would the 73.00l firmware also change the fan profile back to being based on load or temperature? Currently the fan that runs for 12 minutes every 30 minutes at 100% with no load or temperature is deafening.
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

johnnyZA wrote: Thu, 15 Aug 2019, 18:44 Another “new” user here
Welcome.
I’m curious whether anybody tried the firmware with the kettle compensation on the PIP-5048MSE yet. I have the Axpert VM5000-48 (note not the VM II model) currently on firmware 20.13.
Ah. I see I need to add another exclusion to my "Can I update my firmware" page. The PIP MSEs (also known as an Axpert VM series, whether followed by a Roman numeral or not) are Economy (Value) models. These have a different, smaller processor, with less RAM and lower "horsepower", which is why they can't be paralleled. It also means that they have to have different firmware. There are no patched firmwares for Economy/Value models, and therefore none on the 20.XX series.

Short answer: no, because it's impossible.
Would the 73.00l firmware also change the fan profile back to being based on load or temperature? Currently the fan that runs for 12 minutes every 30 minutes at 100% with no load or temperature is deafening.
The 73.00 [ edit: patched or not ] firmwares do have fans that are quite load dependent, so they won't run for 12 out of 30 minutes, but will instead run the fan at a speed dependent on the load (and I assume on temperature, but only if things get extreme). Perhaps these Economy models don't even have variable speed fans, I would not know. But again, you can't run 73.00, patched or not, on these Economy/Value models, so the point is moot.

Sorry to disappoint.
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
johnnyZA
Noobie
Posts: 12
Joined: Thu, 15 Aug 2019, 18:13

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by johnnyZA »

Thanks for the insightful answer @coulomb

I guess my next question would be whether anybody is willing to donate a handkerchief so I can go cry my eyes out? :| that fan is driving me crazy
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

johnnyZA wrote: Thu, 15 Aug 2019, 21:27 cry my eyes out? :| that fan is driving me crazy
Perhaps you should work your way through this section of the index to this topic (first post). But don't skip the "Original fans put back" post. If your inverter really doesn't have speed control of the fans, then you should not get the problem with the occasional fan locked warning.

Hardware
...
[ Edit: "fan locked error" → "fan locked warning" ]
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
johnnyZA
Noobie
Posts: 12
Joined: Thu, 15 Aug 2019, 18:13

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by johnnyZA »

Thanks coulomb, I’ll work through them again. I remember reading (I think it was on powerforum, cant find the exact link now) that the fans used to work normally but changed in a specific firmware version, 20.10 or 20.12. Thats why I hoped to avoid a hardware solution to what sounded like a software issue.

I’ll definitely work through these again. It looks like a fan replacement is in my future.
paulvk
Senior Member
Posts: 457
Joined: Fri, 23 Oct 2015, 23:45
Real Name: Paul
Location: Sydney

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by paulvk »

Get a digital temperature control from ebay insulate the thermister probe with some heat shrink tubing put it in the inverter heatsink and let the temprature control unit do the cooling
I have done this with extra external 120mm fans when the heatsink gets to 42C it turns them on until it gets to 36C
You can also put a resistor in parallel with the relay contacts to keep the fans going at a slower speed all the time which may be enough cooling while under light load.
bigjsl
Noobie
Posts: 19
Joined: Wed, 07 Oct 2009, 03:08
Real Name: John Lindsay
Location: Adelaide
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by bigjsl »

Given MPP Australia only sell non patchable buggy models and given that I have just had my first 4048MS rubbish clone die, where can I safely buy a good PIP 48/60 volt / equivalent firmware updateable inverter or three?

Also, happy to give the dead one, minus the parallel kit, to an enthusiastic person. It cannot be firmware upgraded.

Cheers,

jsl
Last edited by bigjsl on Wed, 28 Aug 2019, 21:00, edited 1 time in total.
User avatar
weber
Site Admin
Posts: 2936
Joined: Fri, 23 Jan 2009, 17:27
Real Name: Dave Keenan
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by weber »

bigjsl wrote: Wed, 28 Aug 2019, 17:00 Given MPP Australia only sell non patchable buggy models and given that I have just had my first 4048MS rubbish clone die, where can I safely buy a good PIP 48/60 volt / equivalent firmware updateable inverter or three?
I didn't realise there was such a thing as "MPP Solar Australia".
https://mppsolar.com.au/product-category/inverters/
Of the PIP-5048's I see they only sell the MK and GK which are indeed horribly buggy new models.

You can buy the good ol' PIP-5048MS (whose bugs were fewer to begin with, and which Coulomb and I have managed to fix) on eBay. e.g.
https://www.ebay.com.au/sch/i.html?_fro ... s&_sacat=0
One of the fathers of MeXy the electric MX-5, along with Coulomb and Newton (Jeff Owen).
paulvk
Senior Member
Posts: 457
Joined: Fri, 23 Oct 2015, 23:45
Real Name: Paul
Location: Sydney

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by paulvk »

bigjsl wrote: Wed, 28 Aug 2019, 17:00 where can I safely buy a good PIP 48/60 volt / equivalent firmware updateable inverter or three?
I can not help right now but will be upgrading two to the 64v for my NiFe cells , I have 6 PIPS , 4 in service and two spares
I have to make room , build a rack for the 40 cells and wire it all up then I will have two more than I need .
bigjsl
Noobie
Posts: 19
Joined: Wed, 07 Oct 2009, 03:08
Real Name: John Lindsay
Location: Adelaide
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by bigjsl »

paulvk wrote: Wed, 28 Aug 2019, 17:41 I have to make room , build a rack for the 40 cells and wire it all up then I will have two more than I need .
I have a spare that I will collect on the weekend and drop in which gets the system back online but if the units on eBay are genuine enough to update firmware it would be good to start with the higher voltage capability.

Thanks!
hanshassan
Noobie
Posts: 1
Joined: Thu, 23 May 2019, 04:19

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by hanshassan »

Hello
I'm new to this forum here. I live in Germany and own a PIP 4048,
which showed error Error 99 after some time. After I patch the PB1 72.70b
the device works perfectly again. Thanks for this patch.
Maybe someone can still give hints on how to give the device the full solar power
can be removed without extending the battery bank. Eventually by automatic activation of abusers.
User avatar
coulomb
Site Admin
Posts: 6357
Joined: Thu, 22 Jan 2009, 20:32
Real Name: Mike Van Emmerik
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by coulomb »

hanshassan wrote: Sat, 07 Sep 2019, 02:54 I'm new to this forum here.
Welcome to the forum.
I ... own a PIP 4048, which showed error Error 99 after some time.
Did you mean fault code 90 (error 90)? If you have a genuine PIP-4048MS, this should never happen, but it does seem to have happened to some. In case it's not genuine, you should check if you have a clone. Also, 72.70b is quite old; you should consider updating to 73.00e.
Maybe someone can still give hints on how to give the device the full solar power
can be removed without extending the battery bank. Eventually by automatic activation of abusers.
I think Google Translate is letting us down a bit here :) . I think the word "abusers" should be "loads". So I assume you want to know how to make use of spare solar energy without reducing the life of the battery by discharging it significantly. That's a great question, and it's not yet resolved (as far as I know) for off-grid systems like this. The closest I've come across would be a Zappi EVSE for charging EVs (or one of their other products for other loads like water heaters). But they seem to only use AC sensors so far. Maybe one day they'll come up with a DC sensor so you can sense discharging of the battery, or someone will work out how to make a DIY equivalent.

A simple timer controlling a load is an easy but crude solution; obviously it doesn't sense clouds and can't react to instantaneous loads.

Even finding a suitable load is non-trivial. Water heating is OK, but in summer (especially in the northern part of Australia) when you have excess PV energy, you often don't need to heat water very much. EVs are good, but some days you drive a lot, and other days you might not drive at all. I considered farming for cryptocurrencies, but the markets are so volatile, and the degree of difficulty (how much solar energy it costs to mine a crypto coin) keeps increasing with time.
MG ZS EV 2021 April 2021. Nissan Leaf 2012 with new battery May 2019.
5650 W solar, 2xPIP-4048MS inverters, 16 kWh battery.
Patching PIP-4048/5048 inverter-chargers.
If you appreciate my work, you can buy me a coffee.
E85
Noobie
Posts: 6
Joined: Wed, 11 Sep 2019, 14:16

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by E85 »

I’m new to this forum and must thank you all for all the very useful info that I found here!

I bought 2nd hand unused Steca SOLARIX PLI 5000-48 that I plan to use with ‎Yuasa LEV50Ah LiMn2O4 cells from a crashed Peugeot iOn (Mitsubishi i-MiEV). The battery pack had 22 4s blocks (88 cells in series).

My original idea was to use the battery packs existing hardware and turn them into 4p 200Ah blocks so I could use 16 in series (16s4p) to make a battery of 200Ah ca 58V nominal. By setting the bulk- and equalization charge voltage to 64V that would give me 4V/cell which would not get them 100% fully charged but it only would benefit the battery life to keep them under 90% SOC and above 20% SOC.

https://www.secondlife-evbatteries.com/ ... s-row1.png
Image

As a BMS I-m going to use the 123smartBMS with bluetooth app and a Raspberry PI will be talking with the SOLARIX PLI through the USB port with a Raspberry PI and the solaranzeige.de software (I have that running now) and the plan is that also the 123smartBMS wil be connected to the RPI so that I can have much better controls of the state of charge, and then let the PI make smart decisions based on the SOC, weather forecast, electricity price like the charge current, cut-off voltage etc.

Now reading through this very informative thread, I have discovered some serious problem with my plan and some solutions too.

1 The electrolytic capacitors connected to the battery and maybe also MOS-fets may need to be replaced with better ones in order to not blow up in the 64V setting?
2 Changing the max utility charge current often is not a very good solution because you loose 40s solar charge after each charge and it is also wearing on the eeprom. But you made better firmware with ”Dynamic Charge Current Control” that could solve that (I currently have fw 72.20).

Q1 should I replace capacitors and MOS-fets or ditch my plan to make a 16S pack and make a 15S4P or even 14S6P even though that will make it more difficult to use the existing hardware.

Q2 there are two versions of the firmware but I didn’t find what is the difference between them, one is ”for lead acid (24S), lithium cobalt-blends (LCO, NMC, NCM, NCA) (14S), and lithium titanate (LTO) (21S or 20S)” the other for 15 or 16S LFP cells. If I would like to go to the higher voltages of 15S (or even 16S) should I use the LFP version of the software for my LMO cells or the lead acid software and what is the difference?

Currently I have a test setup with used 16S GBS LFP 50ah cells and with this relative small capacity the lack of kettle compensation is very obvious but I haven tried lowering the low voltage cut-off to see if that helps.

[ Edited Coulomb: added URL link above image, since there is robot check step that needs to happen before you can see the image the first time. ]
User avatar
weber
Site Admin
Posts: 2936
Joined: Fri, 23 Jan 2009, 17:27
Real Name: Dave Keenan
Location: Brisbane
Contact:

Re: PIP-4048MS and PIP-5048MS inverters

Post by weber »

E85 wrote: Wed, 11 Sep 2019, 19:10 Q1 should I replace capacitors and MOS-fets or ditch my plan to make a 16S pack and make a 15S4P or even 14S6P even though that will make it more difficult to use the existing hardware.
I recommend you use 14S if at all possible. Replacing the capacitors and MOSFETs is a terrible job, and even the replacements would last longer at the lower voltages.
Q2 there are two versions of the firmware but I didn’t find what is the difference between them, one is ”for lead acid (24S), lithium cobalt-blends (LCO, NMC, NCM, NCA) (14S), and lithium titanate (LTO) (21S or 20S)” the other for 15 or 16S LFP cells. If I would like to go to the higher voltages of 15S (or even 16S) should I use the LFP version of the software for my LMO cells or the lead acid software and what is the difference?
I recommend you use the LFP version. You can read about the differences here:
http://forums.aeva.asn.au/viewtopic.php ... 332#p64095
Although some of the numbers have changed since then, the main reason for the LFP version is LFP's very flat voltage-versus-SoC curve. LMO isn't mentioned, because I thought it was an obsolete chemistry, but it has a flat curve similar to LFP, although at a voltage about 16/14 times higher.
One of the fathers of MeXy the electric MX-5, along with Coulomb and Newton (Jeff Owen).
Post Reply